Improvement in machines for milling, pofnting, and shouldering keys



z Sheets-Shetl.

- H. G. HOTCHKISS. MACHINE FOR MILLING, POINTING, AND SHOULDERING KEYS.

Patented July 17, 1877.

hit/103863 N-PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

2Sheets;-Shet2. H. e. HOVTCHKISS.

MACHINE FOR MILLINQEOINTING, AND SHOULDERING KEYS. No. 193,252.Patented. July 17, 1877.

N. PETERS, PHOTO LITHOGRAPHER, wAsmNGTQN. D C.

UNITED HENRY G. HOTOHKISS, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR MILLING, POINTING, AND SHOULDERING KEYS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 193,252. dated July 17,1877; application filed I March 8, 1877.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY G. HoToHKIss, ofthe city and county of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Milling,Pointing, and Shouldering Keys, of which the following is a description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of thisspecification.

This invention consists in certain novel constructions and combinationsof mechanism for milling or turning or finishing the stem or body of thekey lying between the bow and the bit, for pointing the pin or portionof the stem in front of the bit, and for shouldering the collar on thestem of the key, in keys requiring to be thus finished, whereby saidoperations may be performed in a most perfect. and expeditious manner,and whereby, when the several parts of the invention are all comprisedin one and the same machine, these respective operations may be carriedout in a continuous manner in proper consecutive relation, free from allspringing or twisting of the key, and without disturbing or removing it,or necessarily arresting the motion of the machine till all of saidoperations are completed. V

In the accompanying drawing, Figure .1 represents a plan of a machineconstructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a rear elevationof the same; Fig. 3, a horizontal section thereof, mainly on the line a:a: Fig. 4, a vertical transverse section on the line 3 y, showing themilling-dies open; and Fig. 5, a similar section, with the chuck whichholds the bit of the key removed, and showing the milling-dies closed.Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are diagrams, showing upon a larger scale differentrelative positions of a cam which actuates the milling, pointing, andshouldering tools, with certain rollers or their equivalents, operatedby said cam, and the key, with the tools which operate upon it. Fig. 10is atransverse section, upon a larger scale, ofa certain forked slideanddevices pertaining thereto.

A B are two hollow spindles or mandrels in the same axial line, andarranged to rotate, respectively, within bearings in a head-block, C,and tail-block D, in like directions'and at the same velocity by orthrough a drivingshaft, E, and gears a b..

F is the shears or bed of the machine, on which said head and tailblocks are secured.

Longitudinally through the hollow spindle A is passed a rod, G, whichalso passes through a bent arm or rod, 0, at one end of the machine, andis prevented by a set-screw, d, from turning with the spindle A. On theinner end of the rod G is attached a socket, H, which carries a toolsuitably constructed for pointing the pin or portion of the stem infront of the bit of the key I. On the inner end of the spindle A,through which .the rod G passes, and revolving with said spindle, is Iattached a hollow chuck, J, containing the socketH within it, as seen inFig. 3. 0n the face of this chuck J are fitted two sliding jaws or dogs,s s, which serve to receive between them the pin and bit of the key, ashereinafter described. Immediately under these jaws is a recess, fittedto hold interchangeable bushings, which are adapted to receivediiferent-sized pins. These bushings serve as a stop-gage for the bit ofthe key to rest against while the key is held in position between thechuck J and an opposite chuck, L, and they are always made thin enoughto allow the pin of the key to pass through to the interior of the chuckJ.

Arranged to pass longitudinally through the hollow spindle B, and so asto revolve with it, but capable of longitudinal movement therethrough,is a rod, K, which is formed with a socket at its inner endfor'reception of different-sized slotted chucks L, to suitdifierent-sized keys, each chuck L serving to hold and rotate the key byor at its bow or handle. Upon the outer end of this rod K (see Fig. 3)is loosely fitted a socket, M, having opposite side slots f f, to admitof a forked slide, g g, which enters a reduced annular portion or neck,h, in the rod K. In the end of the socket M is placed the pointedset-screw 'i, which acts as a center for the rod K to revolve against,and thus, when a forward longitudinal pressure is applied to the socketM, it is communicated, in a very direct and central manner, to the rod Kin relation to the forked slide 9 g, by means of the set-screw i,

to meet the exigencies of wear. The forked slide pgis attached, by thetwo pivot-screws s 8 to the fork r r on the upper end of the bent leverN, having its fulcrum i on an arm, O, secured to the tail-block D. Invibratin gthe socket M, therebypreventing all lateral strain. To thelower end of this lever N is attached a rod, is, which passes down tothe lower sec-. tion P of a compound treadle, HQ, and over, this rod,and resting on the lower end of it,;

are one or more weights, 1, which serve to keep thechuck L pressedforward. The upper'section Q of the compound treadle is constructed sothat when pressed downward it acts upon a bent lever, R, which'iscontrolled by a spring, n, and w'hich 'is forked "at its upper end, toact upon a sliding collar, 0, at'the back of the hollow c'h'u'ck J.'lhissliding collar has attached to it slides or sliding bars '1" r,Fig. 3, which pass longitudinally through the sides or arms of thehollow chuck J, and are bent outward at their outer ends to operate onsliding clamps or dogs s 8, arranged in the face of the hollow chuck J,and servi'ngto gripe or hold the key I at its forward end.

By pressing the foot down on the upper section Q of the compound needle,or releasin g'the foot from pressure thereon, the operator can open orclose the sliding dogs 8 s, to relieve said dogs of gripe on the key, orto allow them to bite thereon. Likewise, when the upper 'treadle-sectionQ'i's 'sufiici'ently depressed, the operator is enabled, by continuingto press with his foot down thereon,'o'r by releasing his foot from suchcontinued 'pressare, to withdraw or advance the rod K with its attachedchuck L, whereby provisionfis madefor'a rapid and easy adjustment of thekey in the chucks J and L. I

Upon the driving-shaft E is a screw or worm, a, which communicatesm'otion, 'by'or through a worm-wheel, 0 me train'o'f gears, c d e, andthese, in turn, impart rotary motion we ma'in actuating-cam,S,'whichrevolves upon a stud,], arranged toflp'roject from the back of acarriage, T, which 'is capable of adjustment along the bed F of themachine.

The object of the adjustment of the carriage 1 along the bed F of themachine. isto adapt the latter to different lengths or sizes ofkeys, orto keys having difierent widths or bits, the projection of the bits fromthe chuck J being greater or less according to their width; and in orderto adjust the shouldering-t'ool, hereinafter described, to the rightposition for cleaning or dressing the shoulder or collar of the key, itis necessary that said carriage should be adjustable along the bed F, soas't'o bring the shouldering-t'ool nearer to or farther from the chuckJ, according to the width of the keys bit.

Attached to the carriage T by rods or arms g g and "a shaft orfulcrum-rod, h connecting the forward ends of said arms, are thevibratin g millingfiaWs-A A, which approach or recede from each othersimultaneously, and relatively to the body-portion of the stem of thekey I, on or from the rod h as a center of motion. Secured to the upperand forward ends of these jaws by "means-of "clamps and rabbets in thejaws are dies 6 t constructed to mill the body of the key between thebow and bit thereof. Arrangedclosely beside one of the jaws A, andvibrating on the same axial rodor fulcrum h is an arin, B, (see moreparticularly "Figs. 1, '3, and 4,) which "carries a turning-chisel, it,suitable for shouldering or turning to an exact gage the collar 1 of thekey on the stem of the latter in rear of its bit. The diet of'th'ato'ne'ofthejaws A" which has the arm B arranged 'on 'one side of it is'rabbeted toallow the'sh'oulderin g-chisel k to project laterally beyondsaid die 'on its under side, thus preventing the milling dies andshoulderin'g-chis'el from leaving a burr or ridge upon the edge of theshoulder or collar 1. The arm B, which carries the shouldering-chisel k,is hung so as to be capableof vibrating entirely independent 'of themillingws The bent armor rod c, which carries the outer end of thechuck-rod G, is con'he'cte'd 'a't its inner end "to a beam or doublearmed "le- 'ver, 0', which, in its turn, is cen'neeted in an adjustablemanner, by means of a sliding rod, m, ajn'd'se't screw, with asw'ingin'garmor lever, 1), having a "stud or roller, "10, against which the cam Soperates to forcethesoeket H, which carries the ointing-tool, up"against the pin or forwardtend of the stem of th'e'key, as against theaction of a'retiiin-g-sprin-g, 0", on the rod G. I I H The milling-jawsA Agand the arm B, which carries "the 'shoulderin'g tool, together withtheir immediately -pertainin'g working parts, are sustained *by the"carriage T, (if which the arms g ,g form a part, and which carriage isadjustable along the bed F by means (if a screw, E,ft o adapt themilling o'r shoulderi'ng tools to different lengths or sizes of keys,ertodifi'erent 'widft hs'o'f key-bits, "a's hereinbefore described. Thiscarriage T is fitted with independent u right slides E" G", held down bysprings We. ":Lhe one, Fgof these slides is co nected, by'a pivoted rod,'a,

, with one of the vibrating jaws A, and is further connected, by 'a rod,b, with a lever, c, having its fulcrum on a bracket charm, d, fast to't'he'carr iage T, which lever is in its turn connected, bye-rod, withthe 'other'vibrating milling-jaw A". By thisc'onstruetion or combination'of parts, whenever the slide F is raised against the downwardpfu'llpf'the spring w by the action-of th'e'ca-rnfS upon a stud orroller, f, attached to said slide, the milling-jaws A Aare worked towardeach other to act upon the stem of "the k'e3' I tween the bow and thebit, and a the can] "8 recedes from action "on-the roller f the springfectly and expeditiously.

' 'rcauses the jaws A A" to separate or work backward. The other slide Gserves, when raised by the action of the cam S on a roller or stud, g,against the downward pull of the spring 8, to move for-ward the arm Band its attached shoulderingtool kby means of a very stifl'spring-arm, kwhich is attached to the back of the arm B, to cause said tool to actupon the shoulder or collar of the stem, and when the cam recedes fromaction on the roller g the spring 8 causes the slide G to return to itsoriginal position, relieving the spring-arm "b from pressure, and thusallow ing a spring, m to move the arm B" and its attachedshouldering-tool 7a backward oraw-ay from the key. Attached to the sideof the arm B is a projecting stud, m, Fig. 4. To a projectingend of thegib which receives the slide G on one side, is attached, by ahingejoint, the link a the stud at working through the slot in thislink. Through the end of the link a passes the set-screw 6 which acts asa gage or stop for thestuda; to work against. Thus, when the arm B isthrown forward by the upward thrust of the slide G, it continues to moveforward until the stud a: strikes the gage-screw 1: The gage is soarranged that the stud 00 will strike the gage screw i just before thecam has forced the slide 'G to its extreme upward position, thespring-arm 71. yielding enough to allow the slide to move upward veryslightly, thus allowing the cam to pass the roller 9 which is attachedto the slide without straining any part of the machine, and as the studa: is thus held very firmly for an instant against the gage screw 6perfect regularity of work performed by the shouldering-tool is alwaysinsured.

The cam S is not only cutaway on one side of its axis, as shown in Figs.2, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to provide for the withdrawal of the millingjaws,the'shouldering-tool, and the pointingtool from the work afterthey haveperformed their respective duties, but it is constructed on its actingedge or surface of different curv atures, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and9,. Thus, from a to b is of eccentric curvature, from b to c ofconcentric curvature,'and from c to d of a different eccentriccurvature. The object of this construction is toobtain such a relativeaction of the irregular cam S on the rollers f n g, which, respectively,communicate motion to the pointing-tool of the socket H, to themilling-jaws A A, and to the shouldering-tool k, that, in the operationof these several tools on the key, the work of milling, pointing,andshouldering will be performed in a continuous manner and more or lessconsecutively,'whereby all springing of the key is prevented, and thework is done both per- Thus, in the general operation of the machine,the key I or casting of which the same is composed is properly placedinthe chucks J and L, and as the eccentric surface from a to b of therevolving cam S passes under the roller f on the slide F, it lifts saidslide, as shown by the difi'ere-nt'positions of the rollerf andcam infull and dotted lines, Fig. 6, thereby closing the jaws A A so that theycommence to mill the stem of the key I. As the cam S continues torevolve its eccentric portion from c to d (shown :by full lines in Fig.6-) strikes the roller a of the pointing-tool mechanism,

and, as said eccentric portion passes said roller, causes the latter tobe forced-outwa-rd-aud the rod G carrying the pointing-tool in thesocket H to be forced forward, ,thereby pointing the pin or forwardportion of the-stem of the key,whic'h, during such pointing operation,is firmly held in place by ihhfi =iuiiil lingdies. When the cam S hasreached the position shown for itby-dotted l'inesfi-n Fig. 6the-pointing of the key is about or nearly completed, after which thecam S clears the roller a and allows the pointing-tool to -be workedback by its controlling-spring to its original position, and 'theconcentric portion from b to .c .of the cam comes under therollerfflaillas shown in Fig. '7. .During this travel of the-concentric portion ofthecam under the :roller f of the milling-jaws mechanism said jawssimply continue their :hold on *thekey and while suchconcentricportionof the cam'is acting upon the -roller f the -eccentricportion of theeam from 0 to d strikes and operates on or against theroller g of the slide G, and, forcing said slide upward, causes the armB to press the shouldering-tool k to act upon the shoulder l of the key,as shown in Fig. 8. During thisshoulderingoperationthemilling-diescontinue their hold on the key andonly exert a slow milling operation while the shouldering is beingfinished. As the cam S still continues to revolve,its' eccentricportion,from 0 tool passes the roller 9 after which the shoulderingmechanism is returned by the spring 8 to its normal position, and saideccentric portion of the cam next acts under the roller f to completethe milling, as shown in Fig. 9. The acting portion of the cam S thenpasses from under the roller f and the jaws are retired by the action ofthe spring 1", when the milled, pointed, and shouldered key may bewithdrawn and another key casting put in its place between the chucks Jand L.

It will be observed that, by reason of the construction of the cam S andarrangement of the rollers for operating the shouldering and pointingtools, said tools cannot operate together, thus preventing any tendencyto spring the stem ofthe key outside of the milling-dies, and also thatthe shoulderingflzool does not perform its work until the milling isnearly completed and the key-casting well rounded, thus insuring moreperfect work than if the shouldering was performed at an earlier stagein the milling operation.

, I claim 1. The combination, with the rocking milling-jaws A A, oftheir closing-slide F, the rod a, connecting said slide with one of saidjaws, the rod b, connecting the slide F with a lever, 0 and the rod 0,connecting said lever with the other milling-jaw, A essentially asdescribed.

2. The combination of the spring h with the slide G and rocking-arm B,which carries the shouldering-tool,essentially as described.

3. The rocking-arm B, which carries the shouldering-tool, arranged toone side of one of the milling-jaws A, in combination with the die i ofsaid jaw, rahbeted to receive within and under cover of its one side theshouldering-tool k whereby burr upon the edge of the shoulder of the keyis prevented, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the gears c d 6 with the revolving cam S, and theslide F, with its attached stud or roller, f for operating the millingjaws, essentially as described.

5. The revolving cam S of irregular construction on its acting surface,in combination with the studs or rollers f g and the slides F G, bywhich the milling-jaws and shouldeging-tool are operated, essentially asspecifie 6. The irregularly constructed revolving cam S, in combinationwith the studs or rollers 'n, and g of the mechanism, by which themilling-jaws, the pointing-tool, and the shouldering-tool are operated,substantially as specified.

7. The combination of the socket H, which carries the pointing-tool,thesliding rod G, the bent rod or arm '0, the lever O, the adjustable rodor, and the swinging arm D, for feeding the pointing-tool to its work,essentially as described.

, 8. The combination, with the rotating hollow chuck J and its hollowmandrel A, of the longitudinally-adjustable inner tool-socket H, and thetool therein, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

9. The combination of the slotted chuck L on the sliding rod K, theforked lever N, the rod is, the weight Z, the compound treadle P Q, thebent lever B, the spring 10., and the sliding collar 0, by which thechuck J is opened and closed, essentially as described.

10. The slotted socket M on the sliding chuck-rod K, in combination withthe forked slide g g, the fork r r of the lever N, the setscrew 11, andthe hollow mandrel B, substantially as specified.

H, G. HOTGHKISS.

Witnesses:

ERNST N. MIX, PHILIP Pom).

